The Hobbit by JRR Tolkein - Bilbos Noblest Moment :: essays research papers

Bilbo’s noblest second in The Hobbit, a dream book by J. R. R. Tolkien, is the point at which he surrenders the Arkenstone, a valuable gem. He is complimented by some for his benevolence of parting with such a fortune, for everybody was hurrying to attempt to get it for themselves. However, Bilbo gave the stone to the Elvenking and conflicted with of his companions to endeavor to ensure lives. This is particularly respectable since nobody else could have accomplished this activity and been trusted. It uncovered incomparable liberality from Bilbo.Bilbo feels that it is fundamental to settle all the debates which is the reason he infers that surrendering the Arkenstone would be the best other option. A war was starting in light of the fact that the mythical people and men needed a lot of the fortune since they slaughtered Smaug, the monster who took the fortune from the diminutive people several years back. Possibly, the mythical people and men could deal with the Arkenstone which is the core of Thorin. Thorin treasures it above whatever else on the planet, and every different wealth don't come close to the Arkenstone. Bilbo calculates this might be the main execution that could spare lives, and he needs to accomplish that objective. Despite the fact that the stone doesn't appropriately have a place with him, Bilbo parts with the stone away out of the decency of his heart. Therefore, Bilbo has numerous legitimizations for giving the Elvenking the Arkenstone.Since Bilbo was so charitable for surrendering the Arkenstone, no other character would have had the option to do that accomplishment. One section that had a monstrous job is the Elvenking having trust in Bilbo. On the off chance that a smaller person would have needed to give the mythical people something, in all likelihood, they would not have confided in the midget. This is on the grounds that the diminutive people were the ones who were not giving them a lot of the wealth. Bilbo has and advantage for not resembling the diminutive people. In this way, the mythical beings had more confidence in Bilbo for being a hobbit. Most likely, the diminutive people would have been insatiable and saved the Arkenstone for their own in any case. All they need is the wealth, and they couldn't care less about anybody yet themselves. Truth be told, when they were in the passages with the trolls, the midgets didn't see when Bilbo got lost, and they were going to go on without him. Likewise, they generally depended on Bilbo to get them in the clear.

Reforms in Australian Education Industry for Australian Government

Question: Examine about theReforms in Australian Education Industry for Australian Government. Answer: So as to increment monetary status of a nation, changes in the instruction segment can be named as compulsory. In setting to the Australian instruction industry, changes are inescapable as it is one of the developing enterprises in the nation (Coombe, 2015). In the Federal Budget, the Australian government needs to survey the changes that can have a critical effect on the area. In the paper article, the writer, Bexley (2017) audited the pre-spending declaration coordinated towards the advanced education framework in Australia. In the in the interim, Simon Birmingham, the Australian Education Minister expressed that advanced education would be costlier in the following hardly any years as the legislature had chosen to expand the training charges of the advanced education by 1.8 percent every year from 2018 to 2021 (Bexley, 2017). By the audit of the chose paper article, it is obvious that the most recent training changes in the advanced education framework will make an antagonistic effect on the understudies looking for advanced education in Australia as the ascent in college expenses for degree course will include money related weight the understudies (Gamage Shangwu, 2016). Under the changes, the Australian government chose to diminish the weight of training financing as the commitment of the understudies had been expanded in the Federal Budget (Bexley, 2017). In this specific investigation, the issue of the change and monetary effect of the choice have been talked about. Because of late adjustment in the Australian advanced education framework, Australian college understudies will currently need to pay $2,000 to $ 3,600 more for a degree course in contrasted with the past sum. The change in the advanced education financing has constrained the understudies to pay expanded charges (Bexley, 2017). Then again, the restitution time frame for instruction advance taken under the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) will likewise be decreased. Unmistakably, expanded expenses of the advanced education imply that the understudies need to obtain more cash and reimburse the credit in shorter time. In addition, the proficiency profit has been incorporated that indicates 2.8 percent cuts for subsidizing in training in 2018 and 2019 (Bexley, 2017). Absolutely, the training change strategy will profit the administration of Australia as the legislature can spare a generous measure of assets spent on the advanced education framework. As indicated by the reports, the training subsidizing will be diminished by AU$ 380 million by 2019 (Bexley, 2017). In the interim, the cuts of subsidizing will likewise affect the continuous research extends in the advanced education. Because of ascend in expenses and financing cuts, various occupation cuts can be found in the colleges (El-Khawas, 2014). In the following area, the effect of the expanded charges of the advanced education on the Australian economy has been illustrated. The Australian Education industry is perhaps the most elevated patron of GDP in the economy. Be that as it may, the greatest extent of the income originates from universal training as Australia is one of the most alluring goals for higher investigations over the globe (Halsall, 2013). As per the most recent ten years insights, the financial commitment of global instruction in Australia has slowly expanded in the advanced education segment of the economy. A diagram has been introduced in this underneath for additional comprehension: Figure: Economic Contribution of International Education in Australia (Figures in Billions) Source: (Gornitzka, Kogan Amaral, 2017) It very well may be seen from the above figure that the economy has earned around $21.97 billion out of 2016 from universal instruction. Moreover, advanced education records to contribute around $15.13 billion of the aggregate sum in 2016. Thus, it tends to be seen that Australian Government is profoundly subject to International Education Service for keep up a financial parity in the country (Teichler, Enders Fulton, 2016). In any case, it is normal that the ascent in the cost of instruction in Australia because of the approach changes will continuously affect the amount requested for the global training. By applying the hypothesis of interest, it very well may be unmistakably observed that the ascent in the cost will adversely affect the amount requested for advanced education in the country. Then again, it is essential to remember that instruction is a fundamental help that can't be subbed. Subsequently, the interest for instruction is inelastic in nature. As such, a higher augmentation in the cost for instruction will affect the amount requested in the division by a littler sum. Consequently, the income increased because of the expansion in cost will be higher than the income misfortune because of the fall in the interest (Turpin, 2016). In any case, the fall in the interest for global training will exceptionally affect different businesses because of the reduction in the quantity of universal understudy. Moreover, the weight over the understudy to reimburse the training advance will expand that will impact them to finish their advanced education in some other country. Based on the above examination, it very well may be obviously observed that the arrangement changes made by the Australian Government in the training division will move towards a negative course in the up and coming years. It is proposed to the legislature to roll out vital improvements in the training business by presenting most recent innovation and give different advantages to the understudies (Mauch Sabloff, 2015). Serious situations can be offered to the understudies and better credit plans can offered so as to alleviate the present issues of the financial changes in the Australian instruction area. The above conversation and audit of the article have introduced how the advanced education changes of Australian government will affect the understudies and showing framework in the nation. Decisively, advanced education expenses have constrained the understudies to contribute higher. Because of situation, understudies need to acquire more cash to meet their college charges. Additionally, the lower compensation time of advance proposes that understudies need to reimburse the credit sum in a lesser time period. On the opposite side, as the commitment of the understudies have been expanded in the advanced education and financing cuts are proposed in the instruction framework, the legislature will set aside significant cash to be put resources into different divisions. References Bexley, E. (2017).Higher training change: little changes for the present yet huge ones to come.The Conversation. Recovered August 2017, from https://theconversation.com/advanced education change little changes-until further notice however large ones-to-come-76978 Coombe, L. (2015). Australian advanced education changes unification or diversification?.Journal Of Higher Education Policy And Management,37(2), 125-143. El-Khawas, E. (2014).Reform activities in higher education(4th ed.). Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education. Gamage, D., Shangwu, Z. (2016). A Study on Recent Reforms, Current Issues and Policies Within the Australian and Chinese Systems of Higher Education.Education And Society,21(2), 19-35. Gornitzka, A., Kogan, M., Amaral, A. (2017).Reform and change in higher education(5th ed.). Dordrecht: Springer. Halsall, J. (2013). Conveying Higher Education Policies inside a Challenging Community.Higher Education Studies,3(2). Mauch, J. Sabloff, P. (2015).Reform and change in advanced education. (seventh ed.) New York: Garland Pub. Teichler, U., Enders, J., Fulton, O. (2016).Higher instruction in a globalizing world(6th ed.). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Turpin, T. (2016). Scholastic research assessment in Australia: a few ramifications of proposed advanced education reforms.Research Evaluation,9(1), 37-46.

Blog Archive MBA News Bonus Week at the Banks

Blog Archive MBA News Bonus Week at the Banks By the end of last week, thousands of bankers found themselves either handsomely pleased or quite crestfallen. For business school applicants aspiring to someday join the ranks of Wall Street bankers sizing up their annual bonuses, “there’s an app for that,” the New York Times DealBook reports. Future bankers might take note of Banker’s Bonus 2013, an app that allows users to compare bonuses globally. DealBook suggested earlier this week that amid prior speculation that 2012 will see bonus cuts beating last year’s low, the situation looked especially grim for employees of Morgan Stanley. Just last week, Morgan Stanley announced that it was letting go of 1,600 employees, while introducing a new compensation plan on Tuesday to cap bonuses paid immediately at $125,000 and defer bonuses over $50,000 across a period of three years for employees earning more than $350,000. Employees at Goldman Sachs seemed to fare better, however. Dealbreaker reports total compensation was up anywhere from 8% to 20% over last year, and that “people are happy compared to what we know about competitors but not happy overall.” Share ThisTweet News

Identify and Describe Different Forms of Communication

In this essay I am going to identify and describe different forms of communication. I will also be using examples from health and social care sector. Communication is started through the communication cycle which is defined as â€Å"The process involved in building and understanding of what another person is communicating† (BTEC first health and social, 2006). To interact with people we communicate, we can communicate in many ways such as speaking, writing and signs. There are many different forms of communication such as one to one, body language, technological aids, symbols and pictures, non-verbal, writing, sign language, Makaton, human aids, lip reading and braille. One to one communication is when you talk to one person; it can be†¦show more content†¦The patient has just taken a hearing test and the doctor is trying to explain what will happen next. The doctor would sign to the service user about what will next happen. Writing is commonly used among people in the health and social care sector for writing down measurements etc. Writing is a more a more formal way of communicating and more permanent, as it can be reviewed at a later date. Writing would be used to teach primary school children howShow MoreRelatedBusiness Administration Knowledge Questions Part 21342 Words   |  6 Pagesthe purpose of communication. There are many different types of communication; we need to understand the purpose of communications for each type so that we can get what we need from the other person(s). 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For instance, what is acceptableRead MoreLD210AutisticSpectrumConditionsv8833 Words   |  5 Pageswill: Assessment criteria The learner can: 1. Understand the areas in which individuals with an autistic spectrum condition characteristically have difficulties 1.1 Describe the types of difficulty that individuals with an autistic spectrum condition may have with language and other ways of communicating with others 1.2 Identify problems that individuals with an autistic spectrum condition may have in social interaction and relationships 1.3 Outline the problems of inflexibility and restrictivenessRead MoreIfsm 3001136 Words   |  5 PagesLearning Outcome 1.1: Describe the information age and the differences between data, information, business intelligence, and knowledge. Learning Outcome 1.2: Identify the different departments in a company and why they must work together to achieve success. Learning Outcome 1.3: Explain systems thinking and how management information systems enable business communications. Learning Outcome 1.4: Explain why competitive advantages are temporary. Learning Outcome 1.5: Describe Porter’s Five ForcesRead MoreHealth and Social Care Unit 2011403 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 201 Introduction to communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings. Outcome 1 - Understanding ways communication is important in the work setting. 1) Identify different reasons why people communicate 2) Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work 3) Explain why it is important to observe an individuals reaction when communicating with them Outcome 2 – Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishesRead MoreCu1530 – Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings1058 Words   |  5 PagesCU1530 – Promote communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings 1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Communication is a key element in every aspect of our lives and is a way of sharing information from one party to another. It is important that people communicate to help build relationships between parents, practitioners, health careRead MoreYoung People Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as less replication between different service providers. It helps them see others point of view and it keeps them from being selfish, it helps young people interact with others to achieve a goal, and it helps them develop socially. It’s important to work in partnership with others so that all agencies can share information and concerns about children and young people in their care, it also helps to keep the children safe and away from harm. 1.2 Identify who relevant partners would beRead MoreIntercultural Conflict : Intercultural Conflicts1382 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural conflicts 1. Identify and describe the types of intercultural conflict, giving examples for each. There are a lot of intercultural conflicts in the workplace which if not succinctly looked into, may cause decreased productivity in an organization and may even lead to the decline of the organization. Avoiding intercultural conflicts enables an organization to improve the relationship between the employees and reduce cases of misunderstanding. Some common forms of misunderstanding at theRead MoreEssay on Business Administration Level 2 Unit 1 Assesment1413 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsibilities and working in a business environment Assessment Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidential information). Salary Contract start date Job Title Names of the partiesRead MoreExplaining My Culture through Goffee and Jones and Scheins Theories1361 Words   |  5 Pagesan assessment of how I would characterize the culture. I will explain my culture using what I learned from each theory. Goffee and Jones describe culture as having sociability and solidarity. My culture is largely Solid, goals and achievements are encouraged and expected. They exist to enhance the customer experience. The organization regularly identifies outcomes or goals to achieve. The goals and outcomes are largely related to regulatory bodies such as The Joint Commission’s National Patient

Factors that have enabled Brazil to become a rapidly...

INTRODUCTION Brazil is the largest country in the South American continent, and it is amongst the 12 largest economies of the world. It possesses vast natural resources and offers remarkable ecological diversity, majority of its 192 million inhabitants now live in urban areas (Griffiths, A and Wall, S. p 609). The country also possesses a diversified industrial and agricultural sector and In 2001, the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP was 9.3%, while that for industry and services was 33.9% and 56.8% respectively (Pereira, L 2004). At around the same time, Jim O’Neill, the head of global economic research at Goldman Sachs, coined the acronym â€Å"BRICs† to refer to Brazil, Russia, India, and China, the emerging market†¦show more content†¦It was rather centred around the de-indexation of the Brazilian economy, which was accomplished in most part by converting salaries and a number of other prices in the months preceding the implementation of the Real Plan into ‘Real Value Units’ (URVs), which were then linked to the dollar (Ferrari-Filho, F 2001). Source: www.inflation.eu Fig. 1 Illustrates Brazil’s battle with hyperinflation These policies enabled Brazil to get monthly inflation rates down from 45% during the second quarter of 1994 to an average of less than 1% in 1996 (Inflation.eu 2012). As a result the economy grew by 6% percent in 1994, and by 4.2% and 2.9% in 1995 and 1996, respectively (Clements, B. 1997) as domestic demand increased fuelled by lower inflation and higher real wages. The successful implementation of the Real Plan not only helped stabilize the economy , it also showed real economic discipline necessary to attract the foreign capital and investment. The combination of bringing inflation down and provoking expansion in demand in the short term resulted in domestic savings dropping sharply to 17.9% of GDP in 1995, from 21.5%, in 1993 (Cinquetti, C 2000), this forced the government to slow the economy down by controlling domestic credit and increasing the real’s interest rate. The result of the high interest rate and capital account liberalization was short termShow MoreRelatedThe Intensification Of The Processes Of Globalization956 Words   |  4 Pagesthough the term globalisation is frequently used it s not easily defined. One thing is clear, in today s economical, environmental, social and political state issues and problems are no longer limited to the national level because the world has become so interdependent. 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I Learn A Great Deal About How Conduct A Case Study Essay

I learn a great deal about how to conduct a case study. I gained insight into the struggles Aubri deals with daily. After the initial meetings, our many conversations, and the case study research I felt I knew Aubri much better. I now know why so many of my students struggle with organization and time management (AR 1.8, AR 3.2, AR 3.3). The whole process makes me look at all my students differently (AR 2.5.) Makes me want to be a better teacher, counselor, parent, wife, and friend. Research is empowering and a great educational tool (AR 7.1, AR 8.2). With the correct information, we would not erroneously blame behaviors on the wrong origins. Behavior is purposeful, it would serve all educators to find out what that purpose is. This case study cleared up many questions I had about Aubri, and why she was behaving the way she was. It also reiterated the importance of listening. Just by listening to Aubri I learned what the underlying problem was, but more importantly taking that time developed the relationship that we needed to do our best work. Time is precious, but so is Aubri. I wonder will I be able to spend this much time with a student as a counselor. I fear not, at my school the counselor is also the testing coordinator, something that I hope will change soon. I want my time as a counselor to be spent with students who need help with grades, peer pressure, behavior issues, or whenever things just are going well. I want to be theShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Scene Investigation Training1735 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of how to avoid tampering with evidence and how to properly collect a sample. The men and women trainees have classroom tutorials on the subject as well as a hands-on interactive tour of a real life crime scene and how to collect samples. 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I interpret that verse as meaning that it is important to know and confirm in your mind that you know something, but it is better toRead MoreSocial Studies Reflection1199 Words   |  5 PagesDuring this semester I have learned a lot about teaching practices, methods, and focuses for social studies education. It has taught me a great deal about what it really means to teach, not only students but the importance of social studies within the educational system. Being a teacher is more than just a nine to five kind of job its about shaping the world and to quote a great singer Phil Collins â€Å"In learning you will teach, and teaching you will learn†. The focus of this semester has been to betterRead MoreEssay about Sexual Harassment in the Workplace1307 Words   |  6 Pageshistorically known to be far more aggressive in their advances toward women sexually and it varies from each woman as to how these aggressive advances make them feel. 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I always maintain eye contact withRead MoreShui Fabrics Case Study Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of a Global Problem Shui Fabrics: A Critical Analysis of a Global Problem Introduction In this paper we will discuss the Shui Fabrics Case Study and its implications on managing in a global environment. The research of case studies gives us the opportunity to understand and apply the lessons we have learned in the course. The case explains that for 10 years, Shanghai Fabric Ltd., a Chinese fabrics company, and Rocky River Industries, a United States textile manufacturer, have beenRead MoreAnalysis Of Tagore s The Spirit Of True Learning 1586 Words   |  7 Pageseducation should be the facilitation of change and learning, not only for the student but also of the teacher and is not to be seen as a mere imparting of knowledge. The author also advocates for the humanistic approach in some instances (like in the studies of the Arts), where learning is viewed as a personal act to fulfill one s potential. Championed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, the approach is student centred and personalised to the individual student and the teacher s role is that of a facilitatorRead MoreIs Problematic Behavior Genetics Or Learned?952 Words   |  4 Pagesstudying problematic behaviors for years. In some cases problematic behaviors can come from the same household and act totally different from one another. That’s what sparked researchers to try and figure out whether the behavior was learned, genetics, or is it from the person’s(infants, toddlers, adolescents, teens , and adults) environment. In order to figure out whether kids behaviors are genetic or if they are learned from their environments. Studies have shown that disruptive behavior can be genetic

On the Roads optimism Essay Example For Students

On the Roads optimism Essay In Jack Kerouacs novel On the Road, the narrator, Sal Paradise offers up to us what seems to be a very optimistic view on life. He is forever singing the praises of how wonderful his adventures will be and his high expectations for the future. To Sal, the novel is defined by youthful exuberance and unabashed optimism for the new experiences that he sets out to find. A deeper look into the novel, as well as a look at some of the critics who have written on it, reveals a much darker side, a more pessimistic and sad aspect that Sal simply fails to realize until the very close of the action. Whether Sal is hopped up on the optimism of jazz music, secure in his belief that he is off to find IT, or just excited about the promises of a night out in a new city, he is consistently selling the reader on the positive nature of the situations. To be more honest though, On the Road is a novel in which Sal, and the people with whom he surrounds himself, find themselves steeped into a near constant cycle of enthusiastic optimism for the future, which is then followed by a disparaging pessimism for the situations reality. While Sal might note that he desires the freedom and happiness of the open road, Ann Douglas says that ;this is the saddest book that Ive ever read (Douglas, 9). While Sal attempts to show a exuberant and triumphant story of youthful optimism, critics and the actual events of the novel alike seem to point towards the fact that this same optimism turns the novel into a pessimistic story showing the actualities of life. Sals optimism can be defined by hopeful, often unrealistic, ambitions for the future. Without any real knowledge of what they will encounter, since the road often lands them in cities and towns where they have never been, the characters almost exclusively hope for the best, think everything will work out just fine never considering the clear possibilities for disappointment. High expectations for parties or a hope to make it across the country using only one road are just two example of the blind optimism seen throughout the novel. While the headstrong characters of the novel run about the country thinking that everything will be all right, the actuality remains that most situations end in sorrow or adversely affected lives. Picking up hitchhikers who ultimately fail to have the gas money they promised, parties that end in disaster or argument, and emotionally abused wives and lovers almost always win out over the brand new car that might take them to Mexico or exultation that is sure to find them within the walls of a jazz club. The influence of Dean Moriarty on the novel, in terms of everything from plot to general tone to the thoughts and dreams of Sal, is immeasurable. Most importantly though, he is the catalyst for much of this blind optimism for in a sense, he personifies blind optimism. During the long introduction of Dean in the first chapter, Sal shows the vast impression that Dean will have on the tone of the novel: all my New York friends were in their negative, nightmare position of putting down society and giving their bookish or psychoanalytical reasons, but Dean just raced in society, eager for bread and love; he didnt care one way or the other (Kerouac, 7). Deans refusal to look at the world with a disapproving eye and always having hope for simple things like food and sex exemplify his personification of optimism. .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 , .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .postImageUrl , .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 , .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2:hover , .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2:visited , .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2:active { border:0!important; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2:active , .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2 .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98c07b0b749850dfb1dab714c4bfbba2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Literacy Narrative, A Discourse Community Analysis, And A Writing Research Essay This early passage of the novel shows that Dean will and eventually does become the driving force in the optimism that marks much of the book. Deans lust for life guides himself and Sal to places such as jazz clubs, old friends houses, and even Mexico. But with Dean as well as the cohorts that follow his madness, (Sal, Ed Dunkel, Carlo Marx and many more) the result ends up being much less than ideal, despite the fact that they sometimes happen to receive that ;bread and love; along the way. Adventures such as Deans continually failed .

101 Report and Small Change Professor Ramos Blog

101 Report and Small Change Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Quick Write What are questions or issues with diversity that would benefit from us researching them? Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Distinguishing What  You  Say from What  They  Say Chapter 5 (p. 68) introduces you to the term  voice markers  in order to help you distinguish the â€Å"I say† from the â€Å"They say.† This is a very important move since we are now including the â€Å"They say† in your writing. If you do not do this clearly, the reader will be confused as to your position and you may seem to contradict yourself. The templates help you with specific ways of signaling who is saying what, and to embed the voice markers. Being able to distinguish your own view from the common view is a â€Å"sophisticated rhetorical move.† Using â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† The chapter also covers using the first person in academic writing, â€Å"I† or â€Å"we.† You have likely been told to not or never use the I in college writing. The book argues that well-supported arguments are grounded in persuasive reasons and evidence, not in the use of nonuse of pronouns. Grossman â€Å"From Scroll to Screen† https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/html/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F09%2F04%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fthe-mechanic-muse-from-scroll-to-screen.html From Scroll to Screen by Lev Grossman  was first published in the New York Times. What is Grossman’s report about? What is his purpose? Does this sound like an argument or a thesis? How is he organizing the information? Gladwell â€Å"Small Change† Malcolm Gladwell â€Å"Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted† (399) Gladwell discusses the arguments promoting social media as a key component in social activism starting in paragraph 7. He says, â€Å"The new tools of social media have reinvented social activism. With Facebook and Twitter and the like, the traditional relationship between political authority and popular will has been upended, making it easier for the powerless to collaborate, coordinate, and give a voice to their concerns.† He discusses revolutions in Moldova and Iran and quotes a former senior State Department official who believes social media can be used to fight terrorism. He  brings up these opposing views (his â€Å"they say†) after an extended description of the Woolworth’s lunch counter sit-ins. He begins to refute these views in paragraph 8. 2/2/60 Greensboro, N.C.: A group of Negro students from North Carolina AT College, who were refused service at a luncheon counter reserved for white customers, staged a sit-down strike at the F.W. Woolworth store in Greensboro 2/2. Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson and Mark Martin are shown as they stayed seated throughout the day. The white woman at left came to the counter for lunch but decided not to sit down. Sit-in participants are bullied and have food and drinks dumped on them. Chp 6 Skeptics May Object Chapter 6 introduces a different sort of â€Å"they say†: the naysayer. The naysayer, or counterargument, appears after the conversation and after you have made some points. Including what the objections might be helps you make a more thorough point and adds credibility to the writing. Be careful to treat the objection carefully and fairly. Do not present a weak argument or a simplification of it because that can lead to a number of fallacies including the Strawman fallacy. The book offers suggestions for including the Naysayer or Skeptic. Anticipate Objections Entertain Objections in your own writing. Name the Naysayers. Introduce objections formally or informally Represent Objections Fairly Answer Objections Make concessions and stand your ground.

The History of Halloween or Samhain, Day of the Dead

The History of Halloween or Samhain, Day of the Dead Halloween or Samhain had its beginnings in an ancient, pre-Christian Celtic festival of the dead. The Celtic peoples, who were once found all over Europe, divided the year by four major holidays. According to their calendar, the year began on a day corresponding to Nov. 1 on our present calendar. The date marked the beginning of winter. Since they were pastoral people, it was a time when cattle and sheep had to be moved to closer pastures and all livestock had to be secured for the winter months. Crops were harvested and stored. The date marked both an ending and a beginning in an eternal cycle. Samhain The festival observed at this time was called Samhain (pronounced Sah-ween). It was the biggest and most significant holiday of the Celtic year. The Celts believed that at the time of Samhain, more so than any other time of the year, the ghosts of the dead were able to mingle with the living, because at Samhain the souls of those who had died during the year traveled into the otherworld. People gathered to sacrifice animals, fruits, and vegetables. They also lit bonfires in honor of the dead, to aid them on their journey, and to keep them away from the living. On that day all manner of beings were abroad: ghosts, fairies, and demonsall part of the dark and dread. How Samhain Became Halloween Samhain became the Halloween we are familiar with when Christian missionaries attempted to change the religious practices of the Celtic people. In the early centuries of the first millennium A.D., before missionaries such as St. Patrick and St. Columcille converted them to Christianity, the Celts practiced an elaborate religion through their priestly caste, the Druids, who were priests, poets, scientists and scholars all at once. As religious leaders, ritual specialists, and bearers of learning, the Druids were not unlike the very missionaries and monks who were to Christianize their people and brand them evil devil worshippers. Pope Gregory the First As a result of their efforts to wipe out pagan holidays, such as Samhain, the Christians succeeded in effecting major transformations in it. In 601 A.D. Pope Gregory the First issued a now famous edict to his missionaries concerning the native beliefs and customs of the peoples he hoped to convert. Rather than try to obliterate native peoples customs and beliefs, the pope instructed his missionaries to use them: if a group of people worshiped a tree, rather than cut it down, he advised them to consecrate it to Christ and allow its continued worship. In terms of spreading Christianity, this was a brilliant concept and it became a basic approach used in Catholic missionary work. Church holy days were purposely set to coincide with native holy days. Christmas, for instance, was assigned the arbitrary date of December 25th because it corresponded with the mid-winter celebration of many peoples. Likewise, St. Johns Day was set on the summer solstice. Good Vs Evil - Druids, Christians, and Samhain Samhain, with its emphasis on the supernatural, was decidedly pagan. While missionaries identified their holy days with those observed by the Celts, they branded the earlier religions supernatural deities as evil and associated them with the devil. As representatives of the rival religion, Druids were considered evil worshippers of devilish or demonic gods and spirits. The Celtic underworld inevitably became identified with the Christian Hell. The effects of this policy were to diminish but not totally eradicate the beliefs of the traditional gods. Celtic belief in supernatural creatures persisted, while the church made deliberate attempts to define them as being not merely dangerous, but malicious. Followers of the old religion went into hiding and were branded as witches. Feast of All Saints The Christian feast of All Saints was assigned to No. 1. The day honored every Christian saint, especially those that did not otherwise have a special day devoted to them. This feast day was meant to substitute for Samhain, to draw the devotion of the Celtic peoples, and, finally, to replace it forever. That did not happen, but the traditional Celtic deities diminished in status, becoming fairies or leprechauns of more recent traditions. The old beliefs associated with Samhain never died out entirely. The powerful symbolism of the traveling dead was too strong, and perhaps too basic to the human psyche, to be satisfied with the new, more abstract Catholic feast honoring saints. Recognizing that something that would subsume the original energy of Samhain was necessary, the church tried again to supplant it with a Christian feast day in the 9th century. This time it established November 2nd as All Souls Day -a day when the living prayed for the souls of all the dead. But, once again, the practice of retaining traditional customs while attempting to redefine them had a sustaining effect: the traditional beliefs and customs lived on, in new guises. All Saints Day - All Hallows All Saints Day, otherwise known as All Hallows (hallowed means sanctified or holy), continued the ancient Celtic traditions. The evening prior to the day was the time of the most intense activity, both human and supernatural. People continued to celebrate All Hallows Eve as a time of the wandering dead, but the supernatural beings were now thought to be evil. The folk continued to propitiate those spirits (and their masked impersonators) by setting out gifts of food and drink. Subsequently, All Hallows Eve became Hallow Evening, which became Halloweenan ancient Celtic, pre-Christian New Years Day in contemporary dress. Many supernatural creatures became associated with All Hallows. In Ireland, fairies were numbered among the legendary creatures who roamed on Halloween. An old folk ballad called Allison Gross tells the story of how the fairy queen saved a man from a witchs spell on Halloween. Allison Gross O Allison Gross, that lives in yon towerthe ugliest witch int he North Country...Shes turned me into an ugly wormand gard me toddle around a tree...But as it fell out last Hallow evenWhen the seely [fairy] court was riding by,the Queen lighted down on a gowany bankNot far from the tree where I wont to lie...Shes change me again to my own proper shapeAnd I no more toddle about the tree. In old England, cakes were made for the wandering souls, and people went a soulin for these soul cakes. Halloween, a time of magic, also became a day of divination, with a host of magical beliefs: for instance, if persons hold a mirror on Halloween and walk backward down the stairs to the basement, the face that appears in the mirror will be their next lover. Halloween - Celtic Day of the Dead Virtually all present Halloween traditions can be traced to the ancient Celtic day of the dead. Halloween is a holiday of many mysterious customs, but each one has a history, or at least a story behind it. The wearing of costumes, for instance, and roaming from door to door demanding treats can be traced to the Celtic period and the first few centuries of the Christian era, when it was thought that the souls of the dead were out and around, along with fairies, witches, and demons. Offerings of food and drink were left out to placate them. As the centuries wore on, people began dressing like these dreadful creatures, performing antics in exchange for food and drink. This practice is called mumming, from which the practice of trick-or-treating evolved. To this day, witches, ghosts, and skeleton figures of the dead are among the favorite disguises. Halloween also retains some features that harken back to the original harvest holiday of Samhain, such as the customs of bobbing for apples and carving vegetables, as well as the fruits, nuts, and spices cider associated with the day. Modern Halloween Today Halloween is becoming once again and adult holiday or masquerade, like Mardi Gras. Men and women in every disguise imaginable are taking to the streets of big American cities and parading past grinningly carved, candlelit jack olanterns, re-enacting customs with a lengthy pedigree. Their masked antics challenge, mock, tease and appease the dread forces of the night, of the soul, and of the otherworld that becomes our world on this night of reversible possibilities, inverted roles, and transcendency. In so doing, they are reaffirming death and its place as a part of life in an exhilarating celebration of a holy and magic evening.

Marketing in Outer Space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing in Outer Space - Essay Example These foods have many preservatives that reduce their nutritional value. This bed and breakfast will offer them fresh preservative-free-foods. The bed and breakfast hotel will be cheap and affordable for the clients. The food and other supplies used in the hotel will be transported daily from earth by the aircrafts that visit the place. The bed and breakfast hotel will create more job opportunities for people on earth and a different environment. This business will also attract more people to travel to outer space as they have a guarantee of fun and a place to rest well while visiting the moon. The profits that will be generated from the bed and breakfast hotel will be used for expansion. My goal is to ensure that the clients receive that best services as they could receive back home. The place will ensure that guests are pampered and heal from the cramps they got while travelling. The new facilities will include rental houses for people who will be willing to work on the bed and bre akfast hotel. They will be able to live with their families, which will make them work better because of emotional support. Their families will also start up other goods and services. This will make the clients that visit the area enjoy their stay and have access to quality services. I will expose the bed and breakfast business to all people because it is a new idea. This will influence them to make the tour to the moon. I will expose myself though the internet and through local broadcasting channels giving them a glimpse of what they should expect. I will also use pictures and videos taken from the bed and breakfast hotel so that they can see the environment of the hotel. The company will have the name experience the slumber to enhance the idea that sleeping on the moon while looking at the stars and the vast sky is a new experience. I will invest in other key things like rental houses. This will offer shelter for my employees so that they do not have to travel to earth frequently. I will look at other partners like the bankers and partners from service providing companies. This is because it will give them the opportunity to realize the business opportunities at the moon and open up banks and other service providing companies. This will lead to more clients coming to the moon as they will realize how they will still get the services that are offered on earth. Market Analysis The bed and breakfast hotel on the moon will be a luxurious place filled with many windows and open spaces. This will ensure that guests can experience and appreciate the new environment. The environment of the bed and breakfast will be different from that experienced at home. This will give the clients a new experience on the moon. The glass walls on different places on the hotel will make an excellent place for those who want to unwind while listening to music or reading a novel. The high security because of the low population on the moon will assure the clients that their property is safe from bandits. The roofs of the rooms that the clients will sleep will be made of bulletproof glass so that they have protection as well as experience the attractiveness of the universe as they slumber. The low cost of the bed and breakfast will ensure that it receives many clients from different areas of the world. The furniture and the paintings on the wall will be from indigenous places on earth. They will mostly express the traditional

Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Play - Essay Example Both Jay and Billy are surprised to find no one else for attending the funeral. Wondering about the shape and color of the funeral urn, Billy finds from Jay that he wanted to have a proper death Jar as this urn, for his father, instead of going for depressing grey ones. This shows the feeling of Jay for the deceased, as he wanted the funeral to be bright. Perhaps this is the reason for him being disappointed to find a dark empty room, as he entered the hall. The father of these siblings has died and the urn is for his funeral, although he had been an atheist. However, the setting has little relevance to the urn and the church, as sister and brother virtually fight over the kind of life their father lived. While their parents had divorced, mother was suspected to have cheated upon their father, when he was away from home, to Russia. She married another man, Peter and betrayed their father. The reason for their failure to see each other, for a long time, has its root in the breaking of family, many years back. While their mother did not attend the funeral, other relatives avoided it, fearing that she would be there. The play highlights the grudge these siblings have against each other, as they feel that each-one has taken the side of father or mother. While they feel justified for taking such action, the oral fight resulted in the violence, as Jay cobra strikes his sister and she hits back, during the funeral setting, as both tried to defend their deeds. However, the theme of the play is strikingly conveyed to the audience in its last dialogue, when both miss having a family where brother and sister could live together. They are together, emotionally, for that moment, at-least. (Screenplays) This play by Ryan Isenhart has two characters, Jackie Keller and Wesley O’Connor, both around the age of 60 years. While both have been fighters, Jackie has won prize, in such contests. The theme of the play lies in the fighting spirit, which both have,

Taking the Wild Out Of the Wild Animal Essay Example for Free

Taking the Wild Out Of the Wild Animal Essay Grabbing the audiences’ attention Going to the zoo seems completely normal and extremely fascinating for most families, but what happens behind the scenes is where going to the zoo doesn’t seem all that realistic. Thesis There are many reasons why it is not right for wild animals to be caged up and taken away from their homes and put into a zoo for public display. MP1 The animals inside of zoos are not in their â€Å"natural habitat†. Detail 1 Wild animals are meant to be free and roam across their homelands. Detail 2 These animals are not catching their own food, they are being fed like pets. This interrupts their skills to hunt their meals and learn how to survive out on their own. Detail 3 Wild animals are meant to live on their own, not to be on a zookeepers schedule to be fed and played with. MP2 Wild animals should not have any human contact. Detail 1 Out in the wild, there are no humans to help catch any predator’s food, not to mention giving it to them on a dinner plate. Detail 2 Wild animals are built and raised to hunt and kill, not be served like a human being. Detail 3 Human interactions are slim to none for most animals out in the wild. Detail 4 Wild animals don’t need assistance giving birth to their young nor do they need help raising and teaching them the necessities for everyday living out in the wild. MP3 When locked up, these animals become depressed and suffer from anxiety. Detail 1 Some signs of depression and anxiety are: pacing back and forth, isolating themselves in corners, abnormal behavior, and swaying from side to side. Detail 2 â€Å"Captive animals are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them, and as a result, they become bored and lonely and many even suffer from a condition called â€Å"zoochosis.† If you’ve ever witnessed a captive animal rock and sway back and forth, you’ve seen the disease firsthand. This condition is so rampant in zoos that some zoos give animals a mood-altering drug, such as  Prozac, because the public has started to catch on.† (Carr.) Detail 3 Wild animals are not supposed to be locked up and fed medication to cure their diseases of depression or anxiety. MP4 Some people say that the zoo provides great information on wild animals and their â€Å"natural habitat† when clearly they are sending the wrong message across to people by keeping them locked up and barricaded in little prison cells. Detail 1 Showing people these animals the way they are is wrong and cruel. Detail 2 It gives people the wrong impression on how these wild animals live their life. Detail 3 There are better resources that people could use instead of going to the zoo and experience something that is not true of nature. For instance, documentaries, books, or even schooling for people that want to make it as a career, are better than taking these animals away from their homes and locking them up in small spaces. These options don’t involve taking the animal out of the wild. Detail 4 â€Å"One reason why some zoos have not done a better job in educating people is that many of them make no real effort at education. In the case of others the problem is an apathetic and unappreciative public.† (Jamieson.) MP5 Animals inside of zoos are not getting the amount of exercise, as they would out in the wild. Detail 1 â€Å"Elephants typically walk up to 30 miles in just one day.† (Carr.) Detail 2 Giving this some thought, when elephants are put into zoos, they only get so much room to roam, which doesn’t allow them to get their adequate exercise. Detail 3 In most cases, a lot of these animals are becoming under coordinated by huge percentages which makes them not fit for being released. This also shortens the lifespan of many animals. Thesis There are several explanations of why zoos are not okay for wild animals. Conclusion No true understanding is being accomplished by anyone who visits a zoo. These animals are not in their natural habitat, and if they were, they would most defiantly be considered â€Å"wild animals.† Some aren’t use to having any human interactions at all. Many animals suffer from diseases caused by being inside of a zoo. There are always other ways to learn about these immaculate creatures besides keeping them locked up with no â€Å"wild† to experience. These animals need freedom of time and space to learn how to survive adequately, or at least be able to walk as far as they would like to walk. Amber Wharton WRI 95.01 Professor Goodman March 11, 2014 Argumentative Essay Zoos: Taking The WILD Out of Animals Going to the zoo seems completely normal and extremely fascinating for most families, but what happens behind the scenes is where going to the zoo doesn’t seem all that realistic. The animals inside of zoos are not in their â€Å"natural habitat†. Wild animals usually are not use to having any human contact, at least out in the wild they don’t. When locked up, these animals become diseased and suffer from depressed and anxiety. Some people say that the zoo provides great information on wild animals and their â€Å"natural habitat† and use â€Å"going to the zoo† as a resource for learning more information on these amazing animals. Animals inside of zoos are not getting the right amount of exercise, as they would be getting out in the wild. There are many reasons why it is not right for wild animals to be caged up and taken away from their homes and put into a zoo for public display. Wild animals are meant to have their freedom and roam across their homelands without limitations or boundaries. These animals inside of zoos are not in their â€Å"natural habitat†. They have limited amount of space that they can walk around in and are most likely not anything like their natural habitat. These animals are not even catching their own food; they are being fed like pets. This interrupts their skills to hunt their meals and learn how to survive out on their own. These animals have insufficient knowledge of actually being a wild animal. They probably think it’s normal for them to be locked up because they were born inside of a zoo. Better yet, the food that they do eat is more likely not what they would eat out in the wild or it’s already dead. Wild animals are meant to live life and kill their food on their own, not to be on a zookeepers schedule to be fed and played with. Wild animals usually are not use to having any human contact. Out in the wild, there are no humans to help catch any kind of animals’ food, not to mention giving it to them on a dinner plate would be completely out of the ordinary out in the wild. Wild animals are built and raised to hunt and  kill, not to be served like a human being. Human interactions are slim to none for most animals out in the wild. Wild animals don’t even need assistance giving birth to their young nor do they need help raising and teaching them the necessities for everyday living out in the wild, not that they need that knowledge inside of a zoo. When locked up, these animals become depressed and suffer from anxiety. Some signs of depression and anxiety are: pacing back and forth, isolating themselves in corners, abnormal behavior, and swaying from side to side. â€Å"Captive animals are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them, and as a result, they become bored and lonely and many even suffer from a condition called â€Å"zoochosis.† If you’ve ever witnessed a captive animal rock and sway back and forth, you’ve seen the disease firsthand. This condition is so rampant in zoos that some zoos give animals a mood-altering drug, such as Prozac, because the public has started to catch on.† (Carr.) Wild animals are not supposed to be locked up and fed medication to cure their disease of depression or anxiety that was caused by being inside of a zoo. Some people say that zoos provide a great deal of information on wild animals and their â€Å"natural habitats† when clearly they are sending the wrong message across to people by keeping them locked up and barricaded in little prison cells. Showing people these animals the way that they are presenting them to the public is wrong and cruel, not to mention it is not at all accurate to how they would be out in the wild. It gives people the wrong impression on how these wild animals live their life. There are better resources that people could use instead of going to the zoo and experience something that is not true of nature. For instance, documentaries, books, or even schooling for people that want to make it as a career, are better than taking these animals away from their homes and locking them up in small spaces. These options don’t involve taking the animal out of the wild. â€Å"One reason why some zoos have not done a better job in educating people is that many of them make no real effort at education. In the case of others the problem is an apathetic and unappreciative public.† (Jamieson.) Animals inside of zoos are not getting the amount of exercise, as they would out in the wild. â€Å"Elephants typically walk up to 30 miles in just one day.† (Carr.) Giving this some thought, when elephants are put into zoos, they only get so much room to roam, which doesn’t allow them to get their adequate exercise. This  also shortens the lifespan of many animals. In most cases, a lot of these animals are becoming under coordinated by huge percentages that make them not fit for be ing released. â€Å"Zoos breed animals in an effort to keep drawing in paying visitors—yet often, there’s nowhere to put the offspring as they grow. Breeding programs serve no true conservation purpose because giraffes and other animals born in zoos are rarely, if ever, returned to their natural habitats.† (PETA) In my opinion, I think all zoos should be closed permanently for the sake of the animals’ freedom. Animals are not supposed to be paired up and stuck together by what a human thinks is okay for their environment. They are supposed to roam their land and eat the food that they catch. Even learning instincts are a huge factor of being a wild animal. These wild animals are not supposed to be taken care of by humans like an infant human baby would be. No true understanding is being accomplished by anyone who visits a zoo. These animals are not in their natural habitat, and if they were, they would most defiantly be considered â€Å"wild animals.† Some aren’t use to having any human interactions at all. Many animals suffer from diseases caused by being inside of a zoo. There are always other ways to learn about these immaculate creatures besides keeping them locked up with no â€Å"wild† to experience. These animals need freedom of time and space to learn how to survive adequately, or at least be able to walk as far as they would like to walk. There are several explanations of why zoos are not okay for wild animals. Works Cited Carr, Michelle. â€Å"The Reality of Zoos.† People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.. PETA. Web. 11 March, 2014. Jamieson, Dale. Against Zoos. In Defense of Animals, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985, (108-117) 11 March, 2014. Print. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. PETA. 10 Feb, 2014. Web. 11 March, 2014.

Zeno of Elea :: essays research papers

Zeno of Elea Zeno of Elea was born in Elea, Italy, in 490 B.C. He died there in 430 B.C., in an attempt to oust the city's tyrant. He was a noted pupil of Parmenides, from whom he learned most of his doctrines and political ideas. He believed that what exists is one, permanent, and unchanging. Zeno argued against multiplicity and motion. He did so by showing the contradictions that result from assuming that they were real. His argument against multiplicity stated that if the many exists, it must be both infinitely large and infinitely small, and it must be both limited and unlimited in number. His argument against motion is characterized by two famous illustrations: the flying arrow, and the runner in the race. It is the illustration with the runner that is associated the first part of the assignment. In this illustration, Zeno argued that a runner can never reach the end of a race course. He stated that the runner first completes half of the race course, and then half of the remaining distance, and will continue to do so for infinity. In this way, the runner can never reach the end of the course, as it would be infinitely long, much as the semester would be infinitely long if we completed half, and then half the remainder, ad infinitum. This interval will shrink infinitely, but never quite disappear. This type of argument may be called the antinonomy of infinite divisibilty, and was part of the dialectic which Zeno invented. These are only a small part of Zeno's arguments, however. He is believed to have devised at least forty arguments, eight of which have survived until the present. While these arguments seems simple, they have managed to raise a number of profound philosophical and scientific questions about space, time, and infinity, throughout history. These issues still interest philosophers and scientists today. The problem with both Zeno's argument and yours is that neither of you deal with adding the infinite. Your argument suggests that if one adds the infinite, the sum will be infinity, which is not the case.

The Functional to Matrix Transition

The Functional to Matrix Transition Karen R. J. White, PMP RECENTLY PARTICIPATED IN A CONSULTING ASSIGNMENT WHICH INVOLVED MOVING A LARGE ITS ORGANIZATION from an old-style functional-department organization structure towards one more friendly to proj- Common Pitfalls ects. The project faced the sorts of challenges that are common when trying to realign organizational structure with the new realities of managing by projects. In addition, there were added cultural barriers because the company was in the financial services sector-a very traditional industry, known for conservatism in management approaches. Project management consultants were called in because, for the first time, the organization was undertaking a multi-year enterprise-wide development program that cut across multiple functional departments, instead of following their old pattern of doing projects within departments. Within the program, several major related projects were being carried out. Clearly, business as usual would not suffice. BASELINE: A FUNCTIONAL/WEAK MATRIX STRUCTURE A Functional/ (Weak) Matrix organizational structure, such as our client company had in place, works well when the focus is on quality and technical expertise. Under this structure, functional managers are responsible for products created within their areas of expertise. The downside: In the company on which this case study was based, it just wasn't working. And their experience was not uncommon. The functional-based organization structure tends to undermine the authority and decision-making capability of project managers, making project success more difficult. The functional or weak matrix form of organization does have some advantages. In this case, first of all, it was the currently existing state in the client organization. Change is always traumatic in organizations and, to the extent that we could preserve existing processes and systems, the upheaval-and resistance to it-would be minimized. Functional â€Å"stovepipe† organizations take a beating in discussions of optimal organizational structure, but the fact is that they are familiar to people, and thus comfortable for them. In addition, within this structure, IT and IS departments are fully empowered to complete isolated projects within their own â€Å"stovepipes. The client organization already possessed well-established communications processes and authorities within the functional areas. From a purely logistical point of view, the staff work locations were already centralized around functional department assignments, making information sharing among team members more straightforward. There are also serious drawbacks to this organizational structure, however. For instance, communications and decision-making processes existed outside the p rogram structure, contributing to schedule and budget issues. For the same reason, true accountability rested outside the programs, somewhere in the traditional hierarchy of the corporation. For example, executive functional management, who were in fact somewhat removed from the actual conditions of the programs, made all the important decisions. Budget and contracting authority was reserved for the CIO level. Under this very traditional structure, only formal authority-something the project managers did not have-was recognized as a source of power. The client organization had made some strides in moving past a purely functional hierarchy, towards a matrix organization. A Project Management Office (PMO) had been implemented the year before my involvement began-a year after the program was launched. Unfortunately, this meant that proper attention had not been paid to project management issues during the initial planning stages of the program. Phone: 610. 853. 3679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527 EXPERT SERIES The Functional to Matrix Transition Page 2 of 4 Instead of creating a PMO to manage the program, the existing program was inserted into a PMO. However, since the PMO lacked authority for decisions and communications, accountability was problematic. As an example, program budgets and staffing decisions were made within functional organizations, not within the programs themselves and resources were not accountable to programs for deliverables. Programs were initiated by functional departments, making any kind of strategic alignment or project prioritization (portfolio management) problematic. And because project teams ithin programs were organized by functional department, not by deliverable, the physical and organizational barriers between project teams impeded communications. THE OTHER EXTREME The Project (Strong) Matrix organization, at the other end of the organization-structure spectrum, works well for crash efforts, where the focus is on cost and, especially, schedule. These types of project-based organizations are sometimes n icknamed â€Å"Skunkworks† after the Lockheed-Martin aerospace project that made this approach famous. The Strong Matrix is an organizational form beloved of project managers and organizational design theorists. To be sure, this model offers many advantages from the project management standpoint:  · It concentrates complete authority for decisions affecting a project or program within the project or program itself, which simplifies decision-making.  · Program budgets and staffing decisions are made within the programs.  · Staff members have a single manager to please and answer to.  · Resources are accountable to program for deliverables and performance.  · Clear communications paths exist. However, in the real world of our client organization, the Project/Strong Matrix model carried several disadvantages. Limited resources in certain key technical and business areas meant that there simply were not enough people to create dedicated program or project teams, and it was deemed too time-consuming to recruit and/or train additional staff. The existing staff was in dispersed geographical locations with staff not able to relocate. All in all, moving to this form was just too drastic a change for the organization. THE MIDDLE GROUND Thus, our choice in establishing a more project-friendly environment was the â€Å"Balanced Matrix† structure . This structure strives to hit all the bases. Cost, schedule and quality are considered of equal importance. The balance between these considerations is achieved through continuous negotiations and tradeoffs. Given the resource limitations existing within the client organization, we deemed it the best model as well as the most practicable, despite certain inherent disadvantages, such as the need for increased communications and resource negotiations between project managers and functional managers, the added complexity in status reporting and staff management activities, and the need for modified roles and responsibilities in IT and business functional departments. The most significant impact of the new model was the extent to which we revised Roles and Responsibilities. IT functional management now shared joint staff management with program management and had to coordinate with program management in the areas of standards and process implementation. Business functional management also shared joint staff management with program management. Phone: 610. 853. 3679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527 EXPERT SERIES The Functional to Matrix Transition Page 3 of 4 Program management staff had far more â€Å"hands-on† involvement in program activities, as well as increased accountability for staff performance and coordination of related issues with functional man agement. Program Team Members now had multiple managers with whom to coordinate absences. TRANSITION STEPS 1. Assign Project Managers. We introduced project managers from the PMO to replace functional man agers with project management responsibilities, except in those cases where we retained functional leads as part of matrix. We did this when the department managers or supervisors were the ideal choice for supervision project activities because they were the strongest technical person in that area. Once the project leaders were assigned we identified deliverables and associated accountabilities for each project team. 2. Re-define Roles and Responsibilities. We established a policy statement and matrix document that clearly identified the project manager and functional manager roles and responsibilities. 3. Revise Resource Staffing Processes. By involving functional management in project initiation activities-recognizing that functional managers often have the best insight into the skills and limitations of staff members-we made the process of assigning resources to roles more collaborative. We also instituted a formal requisition process for internal resources. 4. Revise Performance Management Processes. We implemented revised performance management processes. Project managers were added to the performance development process training classes and required to provide periodic performance-related information to functional managers. At the same time, functional managers now shared individual goals and objectives with project managers, seeking to align project assignments with objectives. Functional managers continued to administer performance development processes. 5. Establish a Communications Plan. We developed a comprehensive program communications plan identifying who reports what to whom, and when. We acknowledged the information needs of the functional management team by including them in the communications plan. Project websites were established to facilitate communications. 6. Obtain Senior Executive Support. Senior executive support for changes was secured. We instituted an active steering committee. In addition, we established clear support at the CIO level for the Program and Project Manager roles and their authorities. These steps ensured alignment of functional and program goals: functional managers support the programs, which in turn implement the business goals. LESSONS LEARNED The matrix organization will meet resistance; plan for it. Lesson #1 – Program Organization. Make deliberate decisions about program and project organization when chartering the program. Determine the important constraints for the program, know the different organizational structures available and deliberately select the one that best fits your situation. Consider geographical locations when forming teams; try to maintain team integrity within a single location. Lesson #2 – Roles & Responsibilities. Clearly define the roles and responsibilities of all vested parties, including functional managers providing resources to projects. Obtain agreement and sign-off on individual roles and responsibilities as part of each project chartering activity. Phone: 610. 853. 679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527 EXPERT SERIES The Functional to Matrix Transition Page 4 of 4 Lesson #3 – Communications Plan. Develop a comprehensive plan that considers communication needs both inside and outside the program. Consider horizontal communication flows in addition to vertical communication flows. Do not ignore the information needs of the organization as a whole. Le sson #4 – Continuous assessment. Reinforce the transition by continually monitoring the processes and climate of the organization. This is an ongoing challenge, not a one-time event. When a crisis arises, the organization will tend to lapse back into functional management accountability, as opposed to staying within program structure. Pay close attention to the communications and collaboration aspects of the program; reinforce use of the agreed upon communications plan. Remain sensitive to the communication needs of multiple geographic sites, if any. You will need to provide continuous learning and reinforcement, since functional managers are still learning to include project managers in staffing decisions, while project managers are still learning to include functional managers in problem resolution activities. Don't be afraid to change! Question how you are organized; make sure the status quo fits with the work that needs to be done. Maybe you won't change everything, but little regular tweak at organizational structure will keep it vital. Every six months or so, ask â€Å"Does it make sense today? † Prepared for presentation at ProjectWorld, October 2001 Phone: 610. 853. 3679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527

How Jackie Robinson Changed Baseball. Jackie Robinson Story

How Jackie Robinson changed baseball Jackie Robinson story is single handedly one of the most inspirational stories about battling segregation laws, and racism. He not only was one of the best baseball players of his time, but he had to play baseball while being the most hated man in the league because of his skin color. Jackie was the first black man to play baseball in a white league for the Brooklyn Dodgers, in 1946 (source 1), he took a very big leap of faith getting himself into that league, well knowing he was going to be treated like a human garbage. He took so much abuse from the league trying to change the views on colored people in the eyes of white people. This seemed like a difficult to impossible task in the 1940’s, but†¦show more content†¦Not only did he participate in baseball but he also played football, basketball, and track all the the college level. He played for Pasadena Junior College in Colorado. He was named the region s Most Valuable Player in baseball in 1938 for his college. At this point There was nothing in the world that could bring Jackie s self esteem down, or so he thought. People from around town made several comments implying that jackie was not a good athlete because of his skin. He was told that he would never be able to compete with a white person. This struck a hateful flame in jackie s heart. He knew he was better than most white athletes, and he felt disrespected because of how much work he had put in to be the athlete he was. After he finished his schooling in Colorado Jackie continued his education at the University of California, Los Angeles, playing football. This is where he became the university s first student to win varsity letters in four sports. In 1941, despite his athletic success, Robinson was forced to leave UCLA just shy of graduation due to financial hardship. He moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he played football for the semi-professional Honolulu Bears. His season with the Bears was cut short when the United States entere d into World War II. Jackies time as a war veteran From 1942 to 1944, Robinson served as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He attended boot camp at Fort Hood in Texas,Show MoreRelatedHow did Jackie Robinson Overcome Racial Discrimination in Sports1119 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever been protested and demonstrated against? Jackie Robinson felt the outcry of America during his baseball career. Fighting not only for his future, but also for the overall well-being of his sport, Robinson received death threats for his efforts. On a daily basis, this disciplined African man fought the pressures of hatred toward his entire race. As a segregated country, America saw major league baseball as a white man’s sport. Robinson was the outlier in an otherwise American â€Å"traditionRead MoreJackie Robinsons Leadership Style1441 Words   |  6 Pageslives.†- Jackie Robinson A true leader is someone who people willingly follow and listen to as well as someone who has the ability to influence and motivate others. An outstanding example of a great leader is Jackie Robinson. On April 15, 1947, Jackie Robinson shocked the world and changed not only the history of sports, but changed America. Facing the criticism, ignoring the racial slurs, and following his true passion, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball. JackRead MoreWhat Factors s Robinson s Background And Character Made Him The Best Choice?941 Words   |  4 Pagesthe best choice to carry out Rickey’s revolution? Baseball is one of the nations pastimes, and accepting a black man playing baseball made it easier to see integration in more important instances. 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These were the feelings of people living in 1947, that blacks and whites were not meant to play baseball together. Then, why decades earlierRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest Gaines869 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story there are real people that Ernest Gaines alludes to. Ernest Gaines makes an allusion to Joe Louis and Jackie Robinson. Beside these two, Mamie Till also stepped up and was audacious. They were all fearless and gave hope to many other people because of what they were doing. These heroes took a stand against society and changed the world for everyone. A hero isn’t just Superman but someone who stands up for what they believe in and is a sense of hope for everyone. Jackie Robinson was theRead More Jackie Robinson Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pages Baseball has always been America’s national pastime. In the early and all the way into the mid 50’s, baseball was America and America was baseball. The only thing lacking in the great game was the absence of African American players and the presence of an all white sport. America still wasn’t friendly or accepted the African American race and many still held great prejudice towards them. All this would change when the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, Branch Rickey decided he was going toRead MoreJackie Robinson1707 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball has always been Americas national pastime. In the early and all the way into the mid 50s, baseball was America and America was baseball. The only thing lacking in the great game was the absence of African America n players and the presence of an all white sport. America still wasnt friendly or accepted the African American race and many still held great prejudice towards them. All this would change when the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, Branch Rickey decided he was going toRead MoreJackie Robinson was also known as Jack Rossevelt Robinson. Jackie Robinson had very many700 Words   |  3 PagesJackie Robinson was also known as Jack Rossevelt Robinson. Jackie Robinson had very many struggles; Jackie was drafted and assigned to Fort Riley, Kansas, where he faced racial discrimination on a daily basis, he was the first African American in baseball, transformed the face of American sports forever, and his father abandoned the family when Jackie was an infant, and forced his mother and four older siblings to join the Great Migration of the time and move to California. Jackie was born on